Ammonia is an efficient and popular refrigerant due to its superior thermodynamic properties and low cost. Ammonia is environmentally benign, having zero GWP and zero ODP. It is hazardous when released in large quantities due to its toxicity. Ammonia has an ASHRAE flammability class of 2L, low flammability.

Ammonia is a naturally occurring colorless gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen. In refrigeration systems, moreover, ammonia plays a crucial role in capturing and transferring heat energy, effectively separating it from the cooling process.

Ammonia is a more efficient refrigerant than freon because ammonia has a higher latent capacity per pound compared with the same pound of freon. While freon can do the same amount of refrigeration work, you need to move more pounds of freon in a system to do the work. With ammonia, you move fewer pounds of refrigerant to do the same amount of work. An ammonia system will cost less to operate because it will use less horsepower to move the refrigerant mass. This cost advantage is a compelling reason to use ammonia in a large system.